Labarai - Menene Antioxidant na Halitta

I. Gabatarwa

Gabatarwa

Menene amfanin lafiyar ginkgo biloba cire foda (2)

Cire ganyen Ginkgowani abu ne mai aiki na halitta wanda aka fitar daga ganyen ginkgo. Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da shi shine flavonoids da ginkgo lactones. Yana da takamaiman PAF (factor-activating factor, platelet-activating factor) antagonist mai karɓa. Ayyukanta na harhada magunguna sun haɗa da: inganta yanayin ƙwayar cuta da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta; ƙara yawan aikin superoxide dismutase (SOD) da glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), da rage ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (MDA). samar da, lalata free radicals, hana lalacewar cardiomyocytes da jijiyoyi endothelial sel; wanda aka zaɓa yana adawa da haɗuwar platelet, micro thrombosis, da rikice-rikicen metabolism na lipid da ke haifar da platelet PAF; inganta jini wurare dabam dabam na zuciya da kuma kare ischemic myocardium; Ƙara nakasar kwayoyin jajayen jini, rage dankon jini, da kawar da cututtuka na microcirculatory; hana kira na thromboxane (TXA2) kuma yana ƙarfafa sakin prostaglandin PGI2 daga sel endothelial na jijiyoyin jini.

Tushen Shuka

Ginkgo biloba shine ganyen Ginkgo biloba L., tsiro na dangin Ginkgo. Cire shi (EGB) yana da ayyuka iri-iri na kiwon lafiya kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a abinci da kayan kwalliya. Abubuwan sinadaran ganyen Ginkgo yana da matukar rikitarwa, tare da fiye da mahadi 140 da aka ware daga gare ta. Flavonoids da terpene lactones sune manyan kayan aiki guda biyu na ganyen Ginkgo. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi polyprenol, Organic acid, polysaccharides, amino acid, phenols, da abubuwan ganowa. Dangane da kididdigar da ba ta cika ba, abin da ake fitarwa na yau da kullun na ginkgo na duniya shine EGb761 wanda aka samar bisa ga tsarin haƙƙin mallaka na Schwabe na Jamus. Yana bayyana azaman foda-rawaya-rawaya kuma yana da ɗan ƙamshi na ganyen ginkgo. Abubuwan sinadaran sune 24% flavonoids, 6% terpene lactones, kasa da 0.0005% ginkgo acid, 7.0% proanthocyanidins, 13.0% carboxylic acid, 2.0% catechins, 20% wadanda ba flavonoid glycosides, da kuma 4.0 polymer mahadi. %, inorganic kwayoyin 5.0%, danshi sauran ƙarfi 3.0%, wasu 3.0%.

Halayen Antioxidant da Mechanism

Ginkgo leaf tsantsa iya kai tsaye kawar da lipid free radicals, lipid peroxidation free radicals alkane free radicals, da dai sauransu, da kuma kawo karshen free radical sarkar dauki dauki. A lokaci guda kuma, yana iya daidaitawa da haɓaka ayyukan enzymes na antioxidant kamar su superoxide dismutase da glutathione peroxidase. Tasirin antioxidant na flavonoids a cikin EGB ya zarce na bitamin, kuma yana da kaddarorin kai hari marasa kyauta a cikin vitro.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na maganin antioxidant na ginkgo da aka fitar ta hanyoyi daban-daban sun bambanta, kuma tasirin antioxidant na danyen mai da kayan da aka gyara su ma sun bambanta. Ma Xihan et al. gano cewa tsantsa ether-ethanol na man fetur yana da tasirin antioxidant mafi ƙarfi akan man rapeseed idan aka kwatanta da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na Ginkgo da aka samu ta hanyoyin shirye-shirye daban-daban. Ƙarfin antioxidant na ɗanyen ganyen Ginkgo ya ɗan fi na tsantsar tsantsa. Wannan na iya zama saboda danyen da aka cire Tsantsa ya ƙunshi wasu kayan aikin antioxidant, irin su Organic acid, amino acid, tannins, alkaloids, da sauran abubuwan da ke da tasirin synergistic.

Hanyar Shiri

(1) Hanyar hakar sauran kaushi A halin yanzu, hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita a gida da waje ita ce hanyar cire sauran ƙarfi. Tun da sauran kaushi na kwayoyin halitta masu guba ne ko maras tabbas, ana amfani da ethanol gabaɗaya azaman wakili mai cirewa. Gwaje-gwajen da Zhang Yonghong da sauransu suka yi sun nuna cewa, mafi kyawun yanayin da ake hako flavonoids daga ganyen ginkgo shine kashi 70% na sinadarin ethanol a matsayin maganin cirewa, zafin hakar ya kai 90 ° C, ma'aunin ruwa mai kauri ya kai 1:20, adadin hakar ya kai 3. sau, kuma kowane lokaci refluxes ga 1.5 hours.

(2) Hanyar hakar Enzyme Wang Hui et al. Gwaje-gwajen ya nuna cewa yawan amfanin gonaki na flavonoids ya karu sosai bayan an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an yi amfani da albarkatun ganyen ginkgo tare da cellulase kuma ana fitar da su, kuma amfanin zai iya kaiwa 2.01%.

(3) Hanyar hakar ultrasonic Bayan ultrasonic jiyya na ginkgo ganye, da cell membrane da aka karye, da kuma motsi na leaf barbashi da aka kara kara, da inganta narkar da aiki sinadaran. Saboda haka, ultrasonic hakar na flavonoids yana da babban abũbuwan amfãni. Sakamakon gwaji da Liu Jingzhi et al. nuna cewa yanayin aiwatar da ultrasonic hakar ne: ultrasonic mita 40kHz, ultrasonic magani lokaci 55min, zazzabi 35 ° C, da kuma tsaye ga 3h. A wannan lokacin, adadin hakar shine 81.9%.

Aikace-aikace

Flavonoids a cikin ganyen Ginkgo suna da kaddarorin antioxidant kuma ana iya ƙara su zuwa mai da kek a matsayin antioxidants. Jimillar flavonoids galibi rawaya ne kuma suna da faffadan solubility, duka masu narkewar ruwa da mai-mai-mai-mai-mai, don haka ana iya amfani da jimlar flavonoids don yin launi. sakamako na wakili. Ginkgo biloba ana sarrafa shi zuwa ultrafine foda kuma an ƙara shi cikin abinci. Ganyen Ginkgo suna niƙa sosai kuma ana ƙara su da wuri, biscuits, noodles, alewa, da ice cream a cikin adadin 5% zuwa 10% don sarrafa su cikin abinci na ganyen ginkgo tare da tasirin kiwon lafiya.
Ana amfani da cirewar ganyen Ginkgo azaman ƙari na abinci a Kanada kuma an yarda dashi azaman maganin kan-da-counter a Jamus da Faransa. Ganyen Ginkgo an haɗa shi a cikin Pharmacopoeia na Amurka (bugu na 24) kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman kari na abinci a Amurka.

Tasirin Magunguna

1. Tasiri akan tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
(1) Cire ganye na Ginkgo na iya hana ayyukan angiotensin-canza enzyme (ACE) a cikin jinin mutum na yau da kullun, ta haka yana hana raguwar arterioles, dilating tasoshin jini, da haɓaka kwararar jini.
(2) Cire ganye na Ginkgo na iya hana raguwar ƙwayar zuciya a cikin berayen maza da ke haifar da allurar bupivacaine ta cikin jijiya, hana ƙwayar jijiyoyin jini a cikin mutane da aladu wanda ke haifar da hypoxia, da kuma kawar da PAF (fatar kunna platelet) yana haifar da arrhythmia a cikin karnuka. Zai iya hana rashin aikin zuciya wanda ke haifar da ciwon zuciya a cikin keɓaɓɓen aladun Guinea.
(3) Cire ganyen Ginkgo na iya haɓaka tasoshin jini na ƙwalƙwalwar kuliyoyi da karnuka waɗanda ba su da ƙarfi, ƙara yawan kwararar jini, da rage juriya na cerebral. Cire ganyen Ginkgo na iya hana haɓakar mesenteric microvascular diamita wanda endotoxin na ciki ya haifar. A cikin samfurin endotoxin na canine, Ginkgo biloba tsantsa yana hana canje-canjen hemodynamic; a cikin samfurin huhu na tumaki, Ginkgo biloba tsantsa yana hana hauhawar jini da kumburin huhu wanda ya haifar da cutar ta lymphatic ta hanyar endotoxin.
(4) An yi wa berayen allura ta ciki da 5ml/kg na flavonoids leaf ginkgo kullum. Bayan kwanaki 40, abun cikin jini na triglyceride ya ragu sosai. Ginkgo biloba tsantsa (20 mg/kg a kowace rana) an gudanar da baki ga zomaye masu karɓar abinci na al'ada da hypercholesterolemic. Bayan wata daya, matakan hyper-esterified cholesterol a cikin plasma da aorta na zomaye da ke karɓar abincin atherogenic sun ragu sosai. Duk da haka matakan cholesterol kyauta ya kasance bai canza ba.
(5) Ginkgo terpene lactone shine ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun mai toshe mai karɓar PAF. Ginkgo leaf tsantsa ko ginkgo terpene lactone na iya hana platelet-activating factor (PAF) da cyclooxygenase ko lipoxygenase. Ginkgo leaf an yi haƙuri da kyau kuma an yi haƙuri da tari na platelet wanda PAF ya haifar amma bai shafi tarin da ADP ya haifar ba.

2. Tasiri akan tsarin kulawa na tsakiya
(1) Cire ganye na Ginkgo yana rinjayar tsarin endocrin da kuma hulɗar tsakanin tsarin rigakafi da tsarin kulawa ta tsakiya ta hanyar hana aikin PAF. Zai iya inganta ƙwayar cuta ta kwakwalwa da kuma inganta aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
(2) Ginkgo terpene lactones suna da tasirin antidepressant, kuma tasirin antidepressant suna da alaƙa da tsarin juyayi na monoaminergic na tsakiya.
(3) Bugu da ƙari, gaskiyar cewa Ginkgo leaf tsantsa zai iya inganta haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta hanyar NaNO2, tasirin anti-hypoxic na iya zama da alaka da karuwa a cikin jini na kwakwalwa da kuma inganta yanayin makamashi na kwakwalwa a lokacin hypoxia.
(4) Cire ganyen Ginkgo yana inganta yanayin halayen kwakwalwa na gerbils da ke haifar da ligation da sake zagaye na biyu arteries na carotid kuma yana hana lalacewar kwakwalwa a cikin gerbils da ke haifar da ischemia da cunkoso; yana inganta aikin karnuka bayan ischemia na kwakwalwa da yawa na farko na farfadowa na neuronal da raguwar lalacewar neuronal bayan ischemia a cikin hippocampus na kwakwalwar gerbil; yana rage asarar ATP, AMP, creatine da creatine phosphate a cikin kwakwalwar ischemic na karen mongrel. Ginkgo biloba lactone B yana da amfani a cikin maganin bugun jini.

3. Tasiri akan tsarin narkewar abinci
(1) Cire ganyen Ginkgo na iya inganta gyambon ciki da na hanji sosai a cikin berayen da PAF da endotoxin ke haifarwa, kuma yana iya hana lalacewar ciki da ethanol ya haifar.
(2) A cikin mice tare da cirrhosis na hanta wanda ya haifar da bile duct ligation, allurar rigakafin jijiya na ginkgo leaf tsantsa yana rage yawan karfin jini na hanta, ma'anar zuciya, jinin jini na rassan vein portal, da ingantaccen haƙuri na tsarin jijiyoyin jini idan aka kwatanta da placebo. Wannan yana nuna cewa cirewar ganyen ginkgo yana da tasirin warkewa akan hanta cirrhosis. Yana iya toshe samuwar radicals marasa isashshen oxygen a cikin linzamin kwamfuta m pancreatitis wanda cholecystokinin ya haifar. Ginkgo terpene lactone B na iya samun rawa a cikin maganin pancreatitis mai tsanani.

4. Tasiri akan tsarin numfashi
(1) Tsarin ethanol na Ginkgo biloba yana da tasirin shakatawa kai tsaye a kan tsoka mai santsi na tracheal kuma yana iya sauƙaƙa tasirin spasmodic na histamine phosphate da acetylcholine akan keɓaɓɓen trachea na aladu na Guinea, kuma yana hana harin asma na asma a cikin aladu.
(2) Allurar da aka cire na ganyen Ginkgo na cikin jini na iya hana ɓarnawar bronchoconstriction da hyperresponsiveness na berayen da PAF da ovalbumin ke haifarwa, da kuma hana ɓarnawar ƙwayar cuta ta antigens, amma ba ta shafar haɓakar ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar indomethacin.
(3) Numfashi na cirewar ganyen Ginkgo mai iska ba wai kawai yana hana bronchoconstriction ba amma kuma yana hana raguwar farin jini da eosinophils da PAF ke haifarwa. Cire ganyen Ginkgo yana da mahimmanci a cikin hanawa da kuma kula da hauhawar jini.

5. Anti-tsufa sakamako
Ginkgobiflavonoids, isoginkgobiflavonoids, ginkgo biloba, da quercetin a cikin ginkgo sun bar duk suna hana peroxidation lipid, musamman tunda quercetin yana da aikin hanawa mai ƙarfi. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a kan berayen kuma an gano cewa ruwan ginkgo leaf jimlar flavonoids (0.95mg / ml) zai iya rage yawan lipid peroxidation, da acid-extracted ginkgo leaf total flavonoids (1.9mg/ml) zai iya ƙara serum jan karfe da zinc SOD. aiki da rage tasirin dankon jini yayin rage ayyukan SGPT.

7. Rawar da aka ƙi dasawa da sauran halayen rigakafi
Cire ganye na Ginkgo na iya tsawaita lokacin rayuwa na fata fata, heterotopic zuciya xenografts, da orthotopic hanta xenografts. Cire ganyen Ginkgo na iya hana ayyukan ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta na jiki akan ƙwayoyin KC526, kuma yana iya hana ayyukan ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta ta hanyar interferon.

8. Anti-tumor sakamako
Cire ɗanyen ganyen Ginkgo biloba, ɓangaren mai-mai narkewa, na iya hana cutar Epstein-Barr. Heptadecene salicylic acid da bilo-betin suna da aikin hanawa mai ƙarfi; jimlar flavonoids na Ginkgo na iya ƙara nauyin thymus na beraye masu ɗauke da ƙari. da matakan ayyuka na SOD, ƙaddamar da ikon rigakafin ƙwayar cuta na jiki; quercetin da myricetin na iya hana abin da ya faru na carcinogens.

Bayanan kula da kuma Contraindications

Abubuwan da ba su da kyau na cire ganyen Ginkgo: Wani lokaci rashin jin daɗi na ciki, irin su anorexia, tashin zuciya, maƙarƙashiya, stool maras kyau, ciwon ciki, da dai sauransu; Hakanan ana iya ƙara yawan bugun zuciya, gajiya, da sauransu, amma waɗannan ba su shafar maganin. Bayan gudanarwa na baka na dogon lokaci, ya kamata a sake duba alamun da suka dace na rheology na jini akai-akai. Idan kuna da alamun gastrointestinal, za ku iya ɗauka bayan cin abinci maimakon.

Mu'amalar Magunguna

Wannan samfurin yana da tasirin daidaitawa lokacin amfani da shi tare da wasu magungunan rage danko na jini, kamar sodium alginate diester, acetate, da sauransu, wanda zai iya inganta inganci.

Trend Development

Ganyen Ginkgo ya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin proanthocyanidins da urushiolic acid, waɗanda har yanzu suna da guba ga jikin ɗan adam. Lokacin da ginkgo ya fita a matsayin albarkatun kasa don sarrafa abinci, ana buƙatar magani na musamman don rage abun ciki na proanthocyanidins da urushiolic acid. Koyaya, a cikin kewayon adadin da aka yi amfani da shi a halin yanzu, babu wani m ko na yau da kullun mai guba kuma babu tasirin teratogenic. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta amince da cirewar Ginkgo biloba a matsayin sabon kayan abinci a cikin 1992. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Ginkgo biloba duka flavonoids an yi amfani da su sosai a masana'antar abinci, kuma bincike da ci gaban Ginkgo biloba yana da fa'ida.